Panagiotis D. Ritsos

MEng PhD Essex, FHEA

Senior Lecturer in Visualization

XReality, Visualization and
Analytics (XRVA) Lab
Visualization, Data, Modelling and
Graphics (VDMG) research group,
School of Computer Science
and Engineering,
Bangor University,
Dean Street, Bangor,
Gwynedd, UK, LL57 1UT

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Attention-Aware Visualization: Tracking and Responding to User Perception Over Time

Teaser for Attention-Aware Visualization: Tracking and Responding to User Perception Over Time

Abstract

We propose the notion of Attention-Aware Visualizations (AAVs) that track the user’s perception of a visual representation over time and feed this information back to the visualization. Such context awareness is particularly useful for ubiquitous and immersive analytics where knowing which embedded visualizations the user is looking at can be used to make visualizations react appropriately to the user’s attention: for example, by highlighting data the user has not yet seen. We can separate the approach into three components: (1) measuring the user’s gaze on a visualization and its parts; (2) tracking the user’s attention over time; and (3) reactively modifying the visual representation based on the current attention metric. In this paper, we present two separate implementations of AAV: a 2D data-agnostic method for web-based visualizations that can use an embodied eyetracker to capture the user’s gaze, and a 3D data-aware one that uses the stencil buffer to track the visibility of each individual mark in a visualization. Both methods provide similar mechanisms for accumulating attention over time and changing the appearance of marks in response. We also present results from a qualitative evaluation studying visual feedback and triggering mechanisms for capturing and revisualizing attention.

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Citation

A. Srinivasan, J. Ellemose, P. W. S. Butcher, P. D. Ritsos, and N. Elmqvist, “Attention-Aware Visualization: Tracking and Responding to User Perception Over Time,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2025.  doi:10.1109/TVCG.2024.3456300
Presented at IEEE VIS 2024

Bibtex

@article{Srinivasan-et-al-TVCG-2025,
  title = {Attention-Aware Visualization: Tracking and Responding to User Perception Over Time},
  author = {Srinivasan, Arvind and Ellemose, Johannes and Butcher, Peter W.S. and Ritsos, Panagiotis D. and Elmqvist, Niklas},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
  osf = {https://osf.io/8mfhp/},
  doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2024.3456300}
}